PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight Trophee des Champions victory.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring early on.
However, the southern French side struck twice late to take a shock lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.